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Recycling bins
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New Study
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Efficiency and Performance of Packaging EPR Systems in the EU
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A Comparative Analysis of Different Countries and Market Structures

Paolo Facco; Richard Berner
2025, Berlin: adelphi consult GmbH
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Europe can recycle more, at a lower cost

Across Europe, governments are under pressure to deliver higher recycling rates at lower cost. A new adelphi study finds that countries can achieve both when producer responsibility schemes are built around four concrete design choices: 

  • Operational responsibility,
  • material responsibility,
  • full producer cost coverage, and
  • independent oversight are key drivers.

Competition, when well regulated, multiplies these gains.
Where Producer Responsibility Organisations (PROs) hold operations, materials, and costs and face fair competition, continuous cost pressure and innovation drive higher recycling at lower fees.

Efficiency and Performance of Packaging EPR Systems in the EU compares systems across Member States and finds these governance choices are the most reliable predictors of both recycling outcomes and price efficiency.

Key Numbers
80
Million tonnes of packaging waste generated annually in Europe
70%
EU’s binding recycling target for all packaging by 2030
€788
Average producer licensing fee per tonne of plastic packaging in 8 EU countries
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Paolo Facco

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Senior Advisor
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faccoatadelphi.de
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Richard Berner

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Consultant
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berneratadelphi.de
Glass recycling
Accountability provides the foundation, while competition acts as the accelerator. When PROs oversee operations and materials, and cover the full costs, countries can achieve higher recycling rates per euro invested.
Name
Paolo Facco
Position (subline)
Senior Advisor
Content

Join the official launch webinar

Get the key findings from the study authors on how smarter EPR design can deliver higher recycling at lower cost. Find out why the time to act is now. Share your questions during the live Q&A.

Tuesday, 18 November  ·  11:00 - 12:15 (Central European Time)

Agenda
Presentation of study results (30-45 min)Overview of the study’s key findings on how different EPR system designs affect recycling performance, cost efficiency, and innovation across EU Member States.
Policy discussion & moderated Q&A (20 min)Interactive discussion with the study authors and policymakers on applying these insights to future EU packaging reforms.
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